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See your professor’s Canvas page for instructions on using these research kits. The kits contain links to primary and secondary sources on the topics listed below and will be used to write your second paper.
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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
On Saturday, March 25, 1911, shortly before the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory closed for the day, a fire erupted. The factory occupied the top three floors of a 10-story New York City building. Within 20 minutes, 146 garment workers had died—some from smoke inhalation or fire, others by falling or jumping to their deaths. Locked doors and a collapsed fire escape had limited escape. Most victims were young immigrant women. The company’s owners, who fled their office without warning workers, were acquitted of manslaughter when it could not be proved that they knew doors were locked.
Following the tragedy, labor organizers and reform-minded politicians successfully pushed for new fire codes and various protections of workers. Some two decades later, sociologist Ruth Milkman argues, the Triangle fire contributed to “New Deal standards for wages, hours and working conditions, and the right to organize and bargain collectively” at the national level. Nonetheless, even today, many workers still face immediate hazards and chronic health risks in the workplace. The materials below explore the fire’s complex causes and aftermath. They include government and union reports from subsequent investigations as well as speeches, testimonials, and newspaper stories. –Prof. Kathleen Brosnan
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
McFarlane, Arthur E. “Fire and the Skyscraper.” McClure’s Magazine, September 1911, 467–82.
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
Kessler-Harris, Alice. “Women’s Choices in an Expanding Labor Market.” In Out to Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States, 108–41. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. (Companion Canvas page.)
Roediger, David R. “Class Conflict, Reform, and War: The Working Day from 1907 to 1918.” In Our Own Time: A History of American Labor and the Working Day, 177–208. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989. (Companion Canvas page.)
Von Drehle, David. “The Triangle.” In Triangle: The Fire That Changed America, 35–54. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003. (Companion Canvas page.)
Background
“Fire!” Remembering the 1911 Triangle Factory Fire. Cornell University.
“Investigation and Trial.” Remembering the 1911 Triangle Factory Fire. Cornell University.
The Battle for Yosemite
Most residents were sleeping when an earthquake shook San Francisco on April 18, 1906. Ruptured gas mains sparked thirty subsequent fires that destroyed 490 city blocks. Estimates suggest perhaps 2000 people died. For weeks after, the city struggled with an inadequate water supply, prompting municipal officials to search for a more reliable source of water and electricity. They proposed damning the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park’s Hetch Hetchy Valley. The proposal generated a national opposition seeking to protect the national parks.
As the debate moved to the U.S. Congress, San Francisco’s advocates emphasized the city’s needs and its large population. Their opponents offered a vision of development grounded in nature, tourism, and recreation. In 1913, Congress passed the Raker Act, granting the city the right to flood the Hetch Hetch Valley. Nonetheless, burgeoning environmental groups gained new constituencies and stirred greater interest in the national parks.
The primary sources below include letters, reports, articles, and congressional testimony on both sides of the debate. The documents also tell much through their silences. Neither side acknowledged that the park encompassed the traditional lands of the Ahwahnechee people. Some Native Americans remained through much of the twentieth century as park managers found them useful for labor or as tourist attractions, but eventually all faced expulsion. –Prof. Kathleen Brosnan
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
Freeman, John, selections from On the Proposed Use of a Portion of Hetch Hetchy, Eleanor and Cherry Valleys for the Water Supply of San Francisco, California and Neighboring Cities (San Francisco: Board of Supervisors, 1912). (Companion Canvas page.)
Gregory, Mary Huston. “Checking the Waste: The Evolution of the Conservation Movement.” In Library of Congress. The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920. Washington D.C.: The Library of Congress, 2002. (Companion Canvas page.)
Memorandum from John Muir, president the Sierra Club, received May 14, 1908, by J. Horace McFarland, president, American Civic Association and read into the Congressional Record “San Francisco and the Hetch Hetchy reservoir,” Hearing held before the committee on the Public Lands of the House of Representatives, December 16, 1908, Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. (Scroll down to “Hetch Hetchy Damming Scheme.”)
Olmsted, Frederick Law. “Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove; A Preliminary Report, 1865.” Yosemite Online. (Full report.) or Read excerpt. (Excerpt on companion Canvas page.)
Pinchot, Gifford. “The Present Battle.” In The Fight for Conservation. New York: Doubleday, 1910.
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
Righter, Robert. “The Hetch Hetchy Controversy.” In Natural Protest: Essays on the History of American Environmentalism, edited by Michael Egan and Jeff Crane, 117–35. New York: Routledge, 2009. (Companion Canvas page.)
Spence, Mark David. Dispossessing the Wilderness: Indian Removal and the Making of the National Parks. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, 101-132. (Companion Canvas page.)
The Tulsa Race Massacre
In an era defined by a violent, white supremacist regime known as Jim Crow, some 10,000 African Americans created the nation’s most successful Black community in Tulsa’s Greenwood District. On May 31, 1921, the Tulsa Tribune, a White newspaper, published a false and inflammatory article about an encounter between an African American man and a White woman in an elevator. White Tulsans, already resentful of Black wealth, sought to execute the man without a trial. When African American men intervened, the lynch mob attacked Greenwood. After overwhelming African American defenders, White Tulsans murdered hundreds of Greenwood residents, placed the survivors in an internment camp, and burned down the thirty-five city block district.
The massacre fit a pattern of White attacks on Black communities across the United States between 1917 and 1945, while its aftermath reflected Jim Crow’s influence on civil institutions. National guardsmen forced survivors into temporary servitude. The city government passed an ordinance – later declared unconstitutional – to prevent Greenwood’s reconstruction. Insurance companies refused to compensate many Black property owners. Prominent Greenwood residents fought off criminal charges, while White perpetrators avoided legal consequences. Unknown persons physically removed the inflammatory article from the newspaper when the Tribune was later archived.
These sources include survivor accounts, newspaper articles, reports, telegrams, photographs, and historical analyses. – John Truden, graduate student
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
“$2,500,000 of Negro Property Destroyed.” The Black Dispatch, June 3, 1921, pp. 1, 5.
Barrett, Charles F. (Oklahoma National Guard), Field Order No. 4, June 2, 1921, Report, Tulsa Race Riot Disaster Relief, American Red Cross, Tulsa Race Massacre Collection, Tulsa Historical Society & Museum, Tulsa, OK. (Companion Canvas page.)
Carlson, I. Marc. “Selected Postcards.” The Tulsa Race Massacre (blog). Accessed July 27, 2020.
Dunjee, Roscoe. “Editorial: A White Man’s Country.” The Black Dispatch, June 3, 1921.
George Baker to James Robertson, Folder 16, Box 3, RG 8-D-1-3, Oklahoma State Archives, Oklahoma Department of Libraries, Oklahoma City, OK. (Companion Canvas page.)
Interview of Binkley Wright, Eyewitness Accounts, n.d.
Interview of Juanita Delores Burnett Arnold, Eyewitness Accounts, n.d.
Interview of Kinney I. Booker, Eyewitness Accounts, n.d.
Interview of Otis Clark, Voices of Oklahoma, November 23, 2009. (Sound recording.)
Interview of Wessley Hubert “Wess” Young, Sr., Voice of Oklahoma, August 21, 2009. (Sound recording.)
“Kill Ordinance!” The Black Dispatch, September 8, 1921, p. 1.
“Loot, Arson, Murder!” The Black Dispatch, June 10, 1921, p. 1.
“Many Thousands Leave Tulsa.” The Black Dispatch, June 17, 1921, p. 1.
“Release Dick Rowland.” The Black Dispatch, September 29, 1921, p.1.
Rev. M.A.N. Shaw to Governor James B.A. Robertson, June 2, 1921, Folder 16, Box 3, RG 8-D-1-3, Oklahoma State Archives, Oklahoma Department of Libraries, Oklahoma City, OK. (Companion Canvas page.)
“To Rebuild Greenwood.” The Black Dispatch, June 24, 1921, p. 1.
“Tulsa Negroes Collect Insurance.” The Black Dispatch, August 19, 1921, p. 1.
W.A. Wallace to James Robertson (Reply included) Folder 16, Box 3, RG 8-D-1-3, Oklahoma State Archives, Oklahoma Department of Libraries, Oklahoma City, OK. (Companion Canvas page.)
White, Walter F. “Eruption of Tulsa.” The Nation 112 (June 29, 1921): 909–10. (Companion Canvas page.)
Willows, Maurice. “Burnings,” n.d., Report, Tulsa Race Riot Disaster Relief, American Red Cross, Tulsa Race Massacre Collection, Tulsa Historical Society & Museum, Tulsa, OK. (Companion Canvas page.)
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
Halliburton, R. “The Tulsa Race War of 1921.” Journal of Black Studies 2, no. 3 (1972): 333–57.
Selected Maps, Tulsa Race Riot: A Report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot, February 28, 2001, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, OK. (Companion Canvas page.)
Green Book Guides
In 1936, New York City mailman Victor Hugo Green (1892-1960) published the first The Negro Motorist Green-Book, an annual guide for African Americans travelers. Automobiles offered African Americans greater mobility, but journeys beyond their own communities in the Jim Crow era presented hazards from restaurants that refused service to “sundown towns” that banned people of color after nightfall. The first edition identified New York hotels and restaurants which welcomed African Americans. As Green gathered reports from readers and Black members of his postal workers’ union, subsequent editions included dining establishments, hotels and guest houses, service stations, taverns, and other facilities across the United States. Calvin Alexander Ramsey, the author of a children’s book and a play about the guides, observes that they “created a safety net. If a person could travel by car—and those who could, did—they would feel more in control of their destiny.”
Green’s widow published the guides for six years after his death. The 1964 Civil Rights Act, which prohibited discrimination in public facilities, led to the guide’s obsolescence. Green anticipated this ending in his first edition: “There will be a day sometime in the near future when this guide will not have to be published.” –Prof. Kathleen Brosnan
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
Chambers, Jason. “The Rise of Black Consumer Marketing.” In Madison Avenue and the Color Line: African Americans in the Advertising Industry, 20–57. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
Flink, James J. “Diffusion.” In The Automobile Age, 129–57. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988. (Companion Canvas page.)
Ortlepp, Anke. “The Emergence of the Jim Crow Airport.” In Jim Crow Terminals: The Desegregation of American Airports, 13–35. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2017. (Companion Canvas page.)
Japanese-American Internment 1
Clara Breed Collection
Japanese American National Museum
In the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the American government decided to incarcerate over 120,000 Japanese-Americans, approximately two-thirds of whom were United States citizens. This action was taken due to national security concerns, post-attack hysteria, and racist perceptions of Japanese-Americans. Two months after the attack, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which cleared the way for the eventual incarceration of the Japanese-Americans in ten large relocation centers, most of which were located in isolated areas of the American West.
The collection of letters below are from young Japanese-Americans locked up in the camp at Poston, Arizona. They are all written to a librarian in San Diego named Clara Breed. Breed was the children’s librarian at the San Diego Public Library from 1929-1945, and during those years she befriended many of her young Japanese-American patrons. When they were incarcerated, she not only sent some of them letters but, as the correspondence attests, sent them many books and supplies as well. What we have below is a collection of letters from these young Japanese-Americans to Clara Breed. –Prof. Robert Griswold
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
“The Letters and Postcards of Tetsuzo Hirasaki to Clara Breed,” 1942-1944. Clara Breed Collection. Japanese American National Museum.
- April 13, 1942
- April 16, 1942
- April 22, 1942
- August 10, 1942
- September 16, 1942
- October 3, 1942
- November 16, 1942
- December 1, 1942
- December 22, 1942
- February 19, 1943
- March 2, 1943
- March 3, 1943
- March 15, 1943
- April 9, 1943
- April 21, 1943
- May 6, 1943
- June 17, 1943
- August 27, 1943
- September 27, 1943
- October 30, 1943
- November 11, 1943
- December 3, 1943
- December 29, 1943
- June 10, 1944
- December 20, 1944
“The Letters of Louise Ogawa to Clara Breed,” 1942-1944. Clara Breed Collection. Japanese American National Museum.
- January 6, 1942
- April 23, 1942
- April 30, 1942
- May 16, 1942
- June 24, 1942
- July 15, 1942
- August 3, 1942
- August 14, 1942
- August 27, 1942
- September 16, 1942
- September 27, 1942
- October 20, 1942
- November 11, 1942
- November 30, 1942
- December 22, 1942
- January 27, 1943
- March 20, 1943
- April 9, 1943
- May 14, 1943
- June 19, 1943
- June 28, 1943
- July 25, 1943
- August 5, 1943
- August 17, 1943
- September 3, 1943
- September 14, 1943
- October 8, 1943
- November 14-15, 1943
- December 27, 1943
- February 27, 1944
- July 14, 1944
- October 28, 1944
- December 3, 1944
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
Japanese-American Internment 2
Clara Breed Collection
Japanese American National Museum
In the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the American government decided to incarcerate over 120,000 Japanese-Americans, approximately two-thirds of whom were United States citizens. This action was taken due to national security concerns, post-attack hysteria, and racist perceptions of Japanese-Americans. Two months after the attack, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which cleared the way for the eventual incarceration of the Japanese-Americans in ten large relocation centers, most of which were located in isolated areas of the American West.
The collection of letters below are from young Japanese-Americans locked up in the camp at Poston, Arizona. They are all written to a librarian in San Diego named Clara Breed. Breed was the children’s librarian at the San Diego Public Library from 1929-1945, and during those years she befriended many of her young Japanese-American patrons. When they were incarcerated, she not only sent some of them letters but, as the correspondence attests, sent them many books and supplies as well. What we have below is a collection of letters from these young Japanese-Americans to Clara Breed. –Prof. Robert Griswold
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
“Letters to Clara Breed,” 1942-1943. Clara Breed Collection. Japanese American National Museum.
- Tetsuzo Hirasaki, May 26, 1942
- Katherine Tasaki, July 24, 1942
- Louise Ogawa, August 27, 1942
- Fusa Tsumagari, September 8, 1942
- Margaret and Florence Ishino, September 15, 1942
- Yaeko Hirasaki, September 16, 1942
- Louise Ogawa, September 16, 1942
- Louise Ogawa, September 27, 1942
- Margaret Ishino, September 28, 1942
- Tetsuzo Hirasaki, October 3, 1942
- Fusa Tsumagari, October 9, 1942
- Katherine Tasaki, October 12, 1942
- Louise Ogawa, October 20, 1942
- Louise Ogawa, November 11, 1942
- Tetsuzo Hirasaki, November 16, 1942
- Fusa Tsumagari, November 23, 1942
- Tetsuzo Hirasaki, December 1, 1942
- Margaret and Florence Ishino, December 10, 1942
- Hisako Watanabe, December 25, 1942
- Jack Watanabe, December 28, 1942
- Louise Ogawa, January 27, 1943
- Hisako and Jack Watanabe, February 10, 1943
- Margaret Arakawa, March 3, 1943
- Fusa Tsumagari, May 3, 1943
- Louise Ogawa, May 14, 1943
- Fusa Tsumagari, May 19, 1943
- Louise Ogawa, June 19, 1943
- Fusa Tsumagari, June 29, 1943
- Fusa Tsumagari, July 21, 1943
- Louise Ogawa, August 5, 1943
- Louise Ogawa, August 17, 1943
- Louise Ogawa, September 14, 1943
- Hisako Watanabe, October 5, 1943
- Louise Ogawa, December 27, 1943
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
Vietnam Vets Oral Histories
The United States involvement in Vietnam dates to the late 1940s, but it was not until the 1960s that America began pouring thousands of troops into Southeast Asia. Imbued with Cold War assumptions, convinced that the Containment Doctrine was being tested, firmly believing in the Domino Theory, President Lyndon Johnson in the summer of 1965 made the agonizing decision to escalate the war. Surely, the President believed, communist peasants could not prevail against the might of the United States; surely, too, the United States must honor its Cold War obligations. Thus, by the end of 1965, nearly two hundred thousand American combat troops were in Vietnam; by 1969, the peak year, 543,400 were fighting in the jungles of that war-torn country.
Ultimately, some 58,000 Americans and 1.5 million Vietnamese died in the conflict. For Americans, the war ultimately became one of the most controversial and divisive in history. Soldiers fought bravely, but to what end? How could one fight an enemy that one could not see? Battling both North Vietnamese regular troops and the guerrilla forces of the National Liberation Front was extraordinarily difficult, no matter how many bombs the U.S. dropped, no matter how great the firepower of the American military. Many Americans began to question the war, then protest against it. The war abroad became a war at home, and the conflict over the Vietnam War literally tore the nation to pieces.
What you will find in these interviews of Vietnam veterans is the experience of everyday soldiers, not generals. This is “history from the ground up,” a history of common Americans in uncommon circumstances. You will be able to hear and/or read their experience fighting in this faraway land—what it was like to get drafted, what it was like to land “in country,” what it was like to encounter an alien culture, and what it was like to fight and to see fellow soldiers die. –Prof. Robert Griswold
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
Maurer, Harry. “Angel Quintana.” In Strange Ground: Americans in Vietnam, 1945-1975, an Oral History, 1st ed., 171–78. New York: H. Holt, 1989. (Companion Canvas page.)
Maurer, Harry. “Anonymous.” In Strange Ground: Americans in Vietnam, 1945-1975, an Oral History, 1st ed., 514–19. New York: H. Holt, 1989. (Companion Canvas page.)
Maurer, Harry. “Colonel Jerry Driscoll.” In Strange Ground: Americans in Vietnam, 1945-1975, an Oral History, 1st ed., 408–25. New York: H. Holt, 1989. (Companion Canvas page.)
Maurer, Harry. “Harry Behret.” In Strange Ground: Americans in Vietnam, 1945-1975, an Oral History, 1st ed., 178–86. New York: H. Holt, 1989. (Companion Canvas page.)
Maurer, Harry. “Warren Wooten.” In Strange Ground: Americans in Vietnam, 1945-1975, an Oral History, 1st ed., 525–34. New York: H. Holt, 1989. (Companion Canvas page.)
McMahon, Robert J., ed. “Colin Powell on Vietnam.” In Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays, 4th ed., 246–50. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
McMahon, Robert J., ed. “Philip Caputo’s Perspective.” In Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays, 4th ed., 240–42. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
McMahon, Robert J., ed. “Two Testimonies about My Lai.” In Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays, 4th ed., 242–46. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
McMahon, Robert J., ed. “Westermoreland on the War.” In Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays, 4th ed., 209–12. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
Terry, Wallace, ed. “Reginald ‘Malik’ Edwards.” In Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War, 1st ed., 1–14. New York: Random House, 1984. (Companion Canvas page.)
Terry, Wallace, ed. “Robert E. Holcomb.” In Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War, 1st ed., 195–212. New York: Random House, 1984. (Companion Canvas page.)
Willenson, Kim. “Bobby Muller.” In The Bad War: An Oral History of the Vietnam, 72–77. New York: New American Library, 1987. (Companion Canvas page.)
Willenson, Kim. “Charles Liteky.” In The Bad War: An Oral History of the Vietnam, 66–72. New York: New American Library, 1987. (Companion Canvas page.)
Willenson, Kim. “Major General George S. Patton III.” In The Bad War: An Oral History of the Vietnam, 79–81. New York: New American Library, 1987. (Companion Canvas page.)
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
Buzzanco, Robert, and Marilyn B. Young, eds. “The Politics of Escalation in Vietnam During the Johnson Years.” In A Companion to the Vietnam War, 174–97. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2002. (Companion Canvas page.)
McMahon, Robert J., ed. “The Failure of Counter Insurgency Warfare.” In Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays, 4th ed.., 220–34. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
McMahon, Robert J., ed. “A Grunt’s Life.” In Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays, 4th ed., 261–72. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
Westheider, James E. “Racial Violence in the Military and the Military Response.” In The African American Experience in Vietnam: Brothers in Arms. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008. (Companion Canvas page.)
Background
Terry, Wallace, ed. “Chronology of the Major Events in the Vietnam War.” In Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War, 1st ed., 285–93. New York: Random House, 1984. (Companion Canvas page.)
Gay Liberation Movement: The Gay Peoples Union Collection
The Civil Rights struggles of the 1950s and 1960s and the willingness of women, Native Americans, and Latinx people to standup for their rights, inspired gay Americans to launch their own movement. While a small number of activists in the 1940s and the 1950s advocated for an end to discrimination, the movement blossomed in the late 1960s, especially in the wake of the famous Stonewall Inn riot of 1969 against New York City police harassment. This event marked a turning point as the struggle for gay rights moved from the margins to the mainstream. In the ensuing decades, what was to become the LGBTQ movement fought for an end to police harassment, the elimination of sodomy laws, the right to marry, and an end to discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodations, credit, and other dimensions of life. Activists also called gay men and women to “come out of the closet,” that is, to stop hiding one’s sexual orientation from family, friends, employers, and others.
The documents from the Gay Peoples Union of Milwaukee all date from the early 1970s and offer insights into gay conferences, political strategy, the battle for equal rights, religious struggles, police harassment, and popular media portrayal of gays. Many other topics can be explored within the pages of the GPU News. In addition, this “kit” includes five radio broadcasts, including the broadcast itself as well as a written transcription of the broadcast. These radio shows focus on legal discriminations, the oppression of lesbians, and gay people and religion. –Prof. Robert Griswold
Primary Sources: Original Documents from the Time
“GPU News,” March 1972. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division.
“GPU News,” April 1972. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division.
“GPU News,” September 1972. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division.
“GPU News,” October 1972. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division.
“GPU News,” December 1972. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division.
“GPU News,” March 1973. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division.
“GPU News,” April 1973. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division.
Murray, Eldon. “Sex Laws .” (Gay People’s Union Radio Program.) Milwaukee, Wisconsin: WZMF, March 14, 1971. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries, Archives Division. (Sound recording.)
“Oppression of Lesbians.” (Gay People’s Union Radio Program.) Milwaukee, Wisconsin: WUWM, July 9, 1971. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division. (Sound recording.)
“Religion and the Gay.” (Gay People’s Union Radio Program.) Milwaukee, Wisconsin: WUWM, December 9, 1971. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries. Archives Division. (Sound recording.)
Secondary Sources: What Historians Have Written
White, Heather Rachelle. “Born Again at Stonewall.” In Reforming Sodom: Protestants and the Rise of Gay Rights, 138–70. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. (Companion Canvas page.)